Microplastics found in blood, breast milk may also threaten liver health, studies warn
Microplastics that enter the human body through air, food and water are raising growing health concerns. Scientists have detected microplastics in human blood, breast milk and other tissues, prompting further research into their possible health effects.
Now, recent scientific studies suggest that exposure to microplastics and even smaller nanoplastics may affect liver health. However, researchers say more human studies are needed to confirm the long-term impact.
Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than five millimetres. They are formed when larger plastic waste breaks down through sunlight, friction, weathering and other environmental processes. Common types include polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon and polystyrene.
How they enter the body
Scientists say people are mainly exposed to microplastics through three routes:
- Ingestion through food and drinking water
- Inhalation through indoor and outdoor air
- Limited skin contact through some cosmetics and personal care products
Inhalation and ingestion are considered the main exposure pathways.
Some studies have estimated that people may inhale plastic particles from the air, especially indoors, though figures vary depending on the environment and measurement method.
How to reduce exposure
- Avoid heating food in plastic containers
- Reduce use of single-use plastics
- Choose glass, steel or ceramic containers when possible
- Limit heavily packaged food and drinks
- Ventilate indoor spaces and reduce dust buildup
- Choose natural fibre clothing when practical
- Check cosmetics and toothpaste ingredients
What scientists say next
Researchers stress that microplastics are an emerging area of study. Their presence in the body does not automatically prove disease, but evidence is growing that reducing exposure may be wise while science continues to examine the risks.
